Chapter 210'Operation Catapult was an improvisation of the highest order, thrown together within days at the behest of a Government that was desperate for good news from the Far East. Nevertheless, it worked, it did what it was supposed to do and I am bloody well proud about my part in it.'
Captain 'Sam' Beattie, 1944
22nd March 1942The South-East Asia Area Air Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service was the largest such formation by a fair margin. The Carriers and the smaller Northern Area Air Fleet covered the Northern Pacific, but here a larger formation was needed. Countless of small islands and countless places to hide a ship, never mind prowling British Carriers, made sure that a great part of that Air Fleet would be patrolling the area. It was expected that later on almost half of the Air Fleet would assist in the defence of the newly Japanese East Indies against the expected British and probably also American counterstrokes. Torpedo planes and bombers were just waiting to pounce on any British ships that dared to challenge Japanese mastery over the area, and right now there was a buzz of activity on a multitude of airfields in Southern Indochina and Siam as reports had come in that the British were moving a heavily escorted convoy through the Straits of Malacca to their fortress at Singapore that had yet to fall. The 25th Army was exhausted and would need to be resupplied before they could attack the fortress in earnest, and the British knew that as well as anybody it seemed, because now they were rushing in everything in the way of supplies and men in an effort to strengthen Singapore that was obviously doomed to fail. The Squadrons of the Air Fleet were loading up their bomber and torpedo planes that had worked oh so well against the Phillipines and in the first battle against the Americans. Intelligence was sketchy, only the report of two Submarines of 'large, lightly escorted convoy' and neither of these Submarines had reported in since. The Surface Fleet had no major units in the area at the moment, they were busy escorting the big attack against the Dutch, so the honour of attacking this convoy had fallen to the aircraft. The first wave was of course preceded by several H6K Flying boats that were tasked to find the convoy. These had taken off hours ago when it had still been almost dark since they would have to take the long way around to avoid British and Dutch Fighters that operated around Singapore and they had reported the convoy where it was expected to be. Now the G3Ms and G4Ms of the Fleet began to take off in Squadron order and were vectored towards the suspected position of the enemy convoy
Opposing them was a convoy of twelve Freighters loaded with everything from Artillery ammunition to foodstuffs, and indeed the close escort was as thin as the Japanese had reported, only Force Z[1] and HMS Belfast who had been dispatched earlier that week with two Destroyers to guide the Convoy in, but also, and probably most importantly, three Aircraft Carriers, HMS Illustrious, HMS Implacable and HMS Indefatigable who formed the Distant Escort Force. The carriers had been detached from Force A which, under the command of Admiral Cunninghams 2IC would make their way towards Australia on the southern route. Force Z and Force A were tasked with helping the ANCAZ and Dutch Navies in the defence of the Easts Indies, something that was hard to do when one was based from Ceylon. Some in India screamed blood and murder that the fleet was 'deserting' them, but Admiral Cunningham stated that if the Japanese Navy ever had free reign in the Indian Ocean one way or another air-raids on coastal cities would be India's smallest problem anyway, and the best way to forestall that was to make the DEI an impregnable barrier anchored at Singapore and Darwin respectively. The AZACS on their own were too weak for that, and the nine Carriers that Force A had taken with it to the Far East would be instrumental for that task because of said weakness.
At the moment however Admiral Cunningham was more busy with cursing the Idiot at CinC Far East who had insisted on the convoy taking the northern route, using the prerogative of the Theatre Commander to overrule Cunningham as the commander of the Convoy. Resulting from this was a testy Admiral and a very cautious bridge grew that watched as Cunningham was walking up and down the bridge, as usual wearing his peace-time No.1s instead of regulation tropical kit. The Carriers of the Distant Cover Force were lagging back almost twenty miles with Force Z inbetween them and the Convoy, and only by sheer coincidence had neither of the snooping Japanese spotted the British Capital Ships, nor had they spotted the slow – flying Japanese Flying boats. Until now. Just as Cunningham was about to begin the 122nd round of the Bridge since returning from Breakfast when the wireless room reported that the Standing Air Patrol over the convoy (six Seafires from Illustrious) had intercepted and destroyed a snooping Japanese aircraft.
“That's torn it.”
The Admiral paused for a few seconds and then began to give orders.
“Action Stations. Tell the convoy and escorts to make best possible speed towards Singapore, and prepare to turn the Carriers into the wind.”
Bustling activity followed, but soon the RDF operators and lookouts on every ship had their eyes, electronic or not, looking for the expected enemy planes. Within minutes the three Carriers had turned into the wind and began to launch their fighters as fast as they could because once in the straits there was barely enough room to do so without running into land on either side. Soon three Squadrons of Spitfires were circling over the convoy, one more over the Carriers with the rest in varying states of readiness and reserve, all waiting for the inevitable.
The Convoy itself was keeping formation with a defence that was as deep and as layered as the circumstances would allow. Force Z and most of the rest of the escorts interposed themselves between Japanese occupied Malaya and the merchant men so that if the Japanese wanted to attack the Convoy, whilst RDF would make it very difficult at best for them to come from the other side, and in the south the Spitfires from Singapore would make that doubly hard.
The first attack was less than ten minutes away at that point, just as the convoy was passing Smith Island[2].
Coincidentally it was Belfast who reported the first contact. The attack force consisted of three waves of eighteen G4M each, and all that made for a rather large blip on the screens of the cruiser. The Air Controller in command of the air defence of the convoy immediately vectored the Spitfires in. The Japanese were utterly unaware that the convoy had such a strong fighter cover. As far as they were concerned the Carriers were still patrolling the Indian coastline and Smith Island was just a rock in the ocean. The latter was most certainly true at that point in the war, but the former would force the Japanese to pay a steep price. The G4Ms were armed with torpedoes and came in low, slow and on a straight line. The first sign of fighter opposition was when several of the thinly skinned and lightly armoured planes burst into flames when 20mm and .303 projectiles hit the fuel tanks that were not self sealing.
As expected, the first wave was utterly ripped to shreds, only two of the aircraft got even within sight of the British ships. However there were two more waves coming in, and by the time the majority of the Seafires (both those already in the air and those that had been scrambled) were turning to intercept, the Japanese were almost in a position to begin their final torpedo runs. When it became clear that this time some would slip through the net, the commander of the Close Escort Force, Captain Leach aboard HMS Prince of Wales, ordered the convoy to prepare to scatter and allowed the warships to move independently in order to avoid incoming torpedoes. The heaviest warships trained all weapons that would bear onto the direction from which the Japanese would appear, even HMS Belfast added her main and secondary guns to that. The Japanese aviators continued on their course in spite of the heavy resistance that opposed them and began to bring more and more of them down. Soon the Japanese had reached the fire envelope of the warships and the British fighters veered off as the ships began to open fire at the nine Japanese bombers that remained of the second wave. The Battleship, two Battlecruiser and the single Light Cruiser could put up an impressive wall of ackack, but the Japanese continued their approach. When they did let loose with everything, two more Japanese were instantly downed, the rest continued in. Of those four managed to release their load. The ships began to manoeuvre wildly in an effort to comb the torpedoes as dictated in the manual, but the Japanese Type 91s that were dropped that day had a maximum speed of 42 knots and had been dropped relatively close, so avoiding all of them was not to be. The only hit of that attack wave was on Prince of Wales. In a freak of war the hit was so close to the port outer drive shaft that later some would say that mere inches closer would have resulted in the shaft would have twisted and might have led to serious flooding. As it was the engineer put the shaft to half the maximum number of revolutions for safety. This impaired the speed of the ship but other than that she was fully combat capable. The other enemy fish continued on without hitting anything. For the cost of more than twenty bombers the Japanese could show exactly one torpedo hit and a slowed Battleship, but that was not the most important thing by a long shot. Admiral Cunningham was painfully aware that almost all of his fighters were either low down and struggling to get back up to height or forced to return to their Carriers due to battledamage or simply for refuelling,[3] and the Standing Air Patrol[4] over the Convoy was dangerously thin and low, effectively negating the fighter umbrella until the planes could climb to their patrol altitude again.

Prince of Wales and Repulse under attack
He felt an immense pang of dread when he heard that the RDF plots showed yet another wave of blips coming towards them, this time high and above. With all the fighters down or still climbing the high-level bombers had a clear run. Many of the pilots flying them were veterans from the fighting in China and almost all of them had fought in the Phillipines days before, so they continued in even though contact with the first two waves had been lost. Unlike the torpedo bombers they also had the time to split up into two groups, one would circle around to the north and attack the convoy from the other side whilst the other would simply go in and attack them from the bearing they were currently on. That was a standard tactic when attacking ships at sea, so not much communication between the groups was needed and as they split apart they traded only a few messages via blinker light.
Unknown to the first group their course would take them right to where the Carriers were trying to operate Aircraft and not be left behind by the convoy at the same time. Only a single section of Seafires was up and even though they attacked as soon as it was clear that the bombers were going to stumble onto the Carriers they could not divert the Japanese or even break up their formation. When the Japanese spotted the Carriers the formation initally continued on, but even as Cunningham had his ships do evasive manoeuvres half of them peeled off and and turned, some dropped bombs as they were and a very small group just continued on. What caused this breakdown of discipline was probably that like all Naval Aviators they were trained to go after the most dangerous enemy ship first, and what was more dangerous to a group of unescorted bombers than an Aircraft Carrier that wasn't even supposed to be there? The fact that they were unescorted would later turn out to be a career breaker for quite a few Officers, but a the moment it simply turned into a disorganized and uncoordinated dropping of bombs that fell all over the British formation. The carriers diverted in three different directions like a fork, making any aiming difficult.
While most damage came from near misses and splinters, one bomb hit Indefatigable's deck aft of the forward elevator. The bomb pierced the deck and impacted on the main armoured deck – without exploding. It simply shattered in hundreds of little pieces that flew around the hanger as shrapnel, cutting into men and machines alike. Several hit one of the pumps that brought the aviation fuel up from the bunkers and set it on fire. Luckily the valves on that pump had been closed and the fire was easily contained, and in spite of the cloud of smoke that billowed upwards the Carrier would be able to operate Aircraft again by the time the fleet reached Darwin, but at the moment one Carrier was out of action. The other group however had by now broken through the much weakened fighter screen and the surviving nine Japanese bombers found themselves right over the convoy and began their attacks even as the warships fired at them with every gun that could bear. A very confusing and turbulent fifteen minutes later two of the freighters were on fire whilst a third one was damaged but still under way.
This was only the first attack that would be made on said convoy, but it was the most savage one. While two warships had been damaged and several freighters sunk or damaged, some of the best Squadrons of the South-East Asia Area Air Fleet had been ravaged and would need some serious rebuilding, while in return the British had lost only nine Seafires. Indefatigable was out of action though, but the other Carriers had enough reserve capacity to operate her Aircraft until she was eventually repaired with the friendly help of the Royal Australian Navy. The Convoy itself however, while it had beaten off the worst air attacks of the unprepared Japanese, would still take losses from both the smaller, piecemeal air attacks from the Japanese Naval Air Service and the Army Air Force but when the Convoy finally did enter the HMNB Singapore South only three more freighters were destroyed, fewer than most had expected.
In the aftermath three things happened, for one the men of Singapore had a massive boost in morale and a even more civilians could be evacuated to Australia using the empty freighters and warships, secondly the South-East Asia Area Air Fleet was out of action for almost a week which delayed the initial Japanese attack on the DEI by at least several days, allowing the Dutch, Australian and British Navies to pull themselves together and face the Japanese thrust at least somewhat prepared when it did come. Thirdly the commander of the Air Fleet was 'invited to use the garden'[5] even though it was not his fault that the Secret Services had failed to provide him with the intelligence that the British were risking three of their Carriers on the northern route, most likely because it had come from a source that was run by the Army and so the people in charge had decided that the Navy did not need to know.
The British reaction outside of Singapore was predictable and would eventually lead to the story of the convoy being turned into a warfilm later that same year. The Americans on the other hand soon saw themselves forced to react too. Their expedition towards the Phillipines had been scrubbed at that point and the APN Pacific Fleet was doing circles around Hawaii while Washington tried to decide what to do. In the end it was down to either a Carrier Raid by the massed force such as it was on the Japanese Naval Base at Truk or simply sitting around doing nothing and defending against any Japanese moves (that would eventually come, unknown to anyone but the Japanese High Command) until the People's Republic Class was available in greater numbers. Admiral First Rank Grear was pressed by both public opinion and his political leaders in Washington to do something, but refused to be pressed until at the very least he could bring overwhelming force to bear, and that meant to wait until the Pacifica and the Rocky Mountain (both working up along the West Coast and waiting for the remainder of their air groups) would join the fleet in mid march. Until then the task of fighting back would fall to the Air and Submarine Forces. The main effort there would be to mine the waters around the Midway Islands using flying boats from Hawaii that would also occasionally drop bombs. This avoided the impression that America was sitting around twiddling it's thumbs while the British Imperialists fought hard against the Japanese Fascists and also prevented the Japanese from turning the Islands into a base from which they could conduct attacks of their own, not only against Hawaii and the Fleet but also against Alaska which was lukewarm member of the UAPR to begin with and where a show of strength on the side of the enemies of the Revolution had to be prevented at all costs.
The first phase of the Far Eastern War was about to end with a bang one way or another as the different sides and factions prepared themselves, and in Tokyo, London and Washington alike anticipation rose.
[Notes: Oh yeah. Running the gauntlet. For the Japanese taking Sumatra or preventing such resupply convoys will be difficult at best since most of Sumatra and the Straits are within easy fighter range from Singapore, even though the Island is a bit light on actual bombers. For the moment the British can move ships in the Straits relatively free and without hindrance. Also remember, the Implacables are more an Essex-Class looking like an Implacable than the OTL Implacables. ]
[1] HM Ships Prince of Wales, Repulse, Hood and five Destroyers
[2] Remember that.
[3] These are relatively early-model Seafires. They still have that range problem.
[4] That goes into the dictionary.
[5] From what I've heard, Gardens were a preferable location for committing Seppuku because of their natural tranquility.